1 day ago · Essay on lohri in english for class 3 essay on the national bird peacock. Unemployment leads to crime essay, essay on role of computer in modern society, epidemiological studies case study, ets gre issue essay topics. Write an essay on safe drive save life my most embarrassing moment short essay. Evolution vs creationism essay 1 day ago · Essay on role of computer in modern society. Evolution vs creationism essay, essay introduction on drug abuse mixed methods case study design introduction of cell phone essay, short essay on patriotism in english, why education is important for us essay, open uni how to write an essay. Research paper topics long day's journey into night Young Earth Creationism. Young earth creationists (YEC) maintain that the earth and the universe as a whole are only a few thousand years old. They cite some details from the world as evidence, but the main incentive is to be faithful to their understanding of Genesis 1. This essay is part of the Concise Theology series. All views expressed
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Tell him you disagree and he turns away. Show him facts or figures and he questions your sources. Appeal to logic and he fails to see your point. But it creationism essay too early for that—this was the s—and Festinger was actually describing a famous case study in psychology. The group was led by Dorothy Martin, a Dianetics devotee who transcribed the interstellar messages through automatic writing.
Through her, the aliens had given the precise date of an Earth-rending cataclysm: December 21, The disciples even went so far as to remove brassieres and rip zippers out of their trousers—the metal, they believed, would pose a danger on the spacecraft. Festinger and his team were with the cult when the prophecy failed.
Then December 21 arrived without incident, creationism essay. It was the moment Festinger had been waiting for: How would people so emotionally invested in a belief system react, creationism essay that it had been soundly refuted?
Read also: the truth about Climategate. At first, the group struggled for an explanation. But then rationalization set in. From that day forward, the Seekers, previously shy of the press and indifferent toward evangelizing, began to proselytize. The devastation of all they had believed had made them even more certain of their beliefs. They lost their jobs, the press mocked them, and there were efforts to keep them away from impressionable young minds.
It would seem that expecting people to be convinced by the facts flies in the face of, you know, the facts. We push threatening information away; creationism essay pull friendly information close, creationism essay.
We apply fight-or-flight reflexes not only to predators, but to data itself. Consider a person who has heard about a scientific discovery that deeply challenges her belief in divine creation—a new hominid, say, that confirms our evolutionary origins. What creationism essay next, explains political scientist Charles Taber of Stony Brook University, is a subconscious negative response to the new information—and that response, in turn, guides the type of memories and associations formed in the conscious mind.
Or that we never change our minds—we do, creationism essay. Our individual responses to the conclusions that science reaches, however, creationism essay quite another matter. Ironically, in part because researchers employ so much nuance and strive to disclose all remaining sources of uncertainty, scientific evidence is highly susceptible to selective reading and misinterpretation, creationism essay. Sure creationism essay, a large number of psychological studies have shown that people respond to scientific or technical evidence in ways that justify their preexisting beliefs.
In a classic experiment PDFcreationism essay, pro- and anti-death penalty advocates were exposed to descriptions of two fake scientific studies: one supporting and one undermining the notion that capital punishment deters violent crime and, in particular, murder. They were also shown detailed methodological critiques of the fake studies—and in a scientific sense, neither study was stronger than the other. Even when study subjects are explicitly instructed to be unbiased and even-handed about the evidence, they often fail.
Somewhat oversimplifying, you can think of hierarchical individualists as akin to conservative Republicans, and egalitarian communitarians as liberal Democrats. in a pertinent field from one elite university and who was now on the faculty of another.
Similar divides were observed on whether nuclear waste can be safely stored underground and whether letting people carry guns deters crime. The alliances did not always hold.
In another study PDFhierarchs and communitarians were in favor of laws that would compel the mentally ill to accept treatment, whereas individualists and egalitarians were opposed. In other words, people rejected the validity of a scientific source because its conclusion contradicted their deeply held views—and thus the relative risks inherent in each scenario. And that undercuts the standard notion creationism essay the way to persuade people is via evidence and argument. In fact, head-on attempts to persuade can sometimes trigger a backfire effect, where people not creationism essay fail to change their minds when confronted with the facts—they may hold their wrong views more tenaciously than ever.
Take, for instance, the question of whether Saddam Hussein possessed hidden weapons of mass destruction just before the US invasion of Iraq in When political scientists Brendan Nyhan and Jason Reifler showed subjects fake newspaper articles PDF in which this was first suggested in a quote from President Bush and then refuted with the findings of the Bush-commissioned Iraq Survey Group report, which found no evidence of active WMD programs in pre-invasion Iraqthey found that conservatives were more likely than before to believe the claim.
Northwestern University sociologist Monica Prasad and her colleagues wanted to test whether they could dislodge the notion that Saddam Hussein and Al Qaeda were secretly collaborating among those most likely to believe it—Republican partisans from highly GOP-friendly counties, creationism essay. So the researchers set up a study PDF in which they discussed the topic with some of these Republicans in person. Far more common was resisting the correction in a variety of ways, creationism essay, either by coming up with counterarguments or by simply being unmovable:.
Do you have any comments on either of those? The creationism essay types of responses are already being documented on divisive topics facing the current administration. This may help explain a curious pattern Nyhan and his colleagues found creationism essay they tried to test the fallacy PDF that President Obama is a Muslim, creationism essay. But when only white researchers were present, GOP survey subjects in particular were more likely to believe the Obama Muslim myth than before.
Which leads us to the media. When people grow polarized over a body of evidence, creationism essay a resolvable matter of fact, the cause may be some form of biased reasoning, but they could also be receiving skewed information to begin with—or a complicated combination of both, creationism essay. In the Creationism essay Zero mosque case, for instance, creationism essay follow-up study PDF showed that survey respondents who watched Fox News were more likely to believe the Rauf rumor and three related ones—and they believed them more strongly than non-Fox watchers.
Okay, creationism essay, creationism essay people gravitate toward information that confirms what they believe, creationism essay, and they select sources that deliver it, creationism essay. Same as it ever was, right? If you wanted to show how and why fact is ditched in favor of motivated reasoning, you could find no better test case than climate change, creationism essay.
The two groups have been growing more divided in their views about the topic, even as the science becomes more unequivocal. On the contrary: In a Pew surveyfor instance, only 19 percent of college-educated Republicans agreed that the planet is warming due to human actions, versus 31 percent of non-college educated Republicans.
In other words, creationism essay, a higher education correlated creationism essay an increased likelihood of denying the science on the issue. Meanwhile, among Democrats and independents, more education correlated with greater acceptance of the science, creationism essay.
Well, according to Charles Taber and Milton Lodge of Stony Brook, one insidious aspect of motivated reasoning is that political sophisticates are prone to be more biased than those who know less about the issues.
That may be why the selectively quoted emails of Climategate were so quickly and easily seized upon by partisans as evidence of scandal. Climategate had a substantial impact on public opinion, according to Anthony Leiserowitzdirector of the Yale Creationism essay on Climate Change Communication.
It contributed to an overall drop in public concern about climate change and a significant loss of trust in scientists.
So is there a case study of science creationism essay that largely occupies the political left? Yes: the claim that childhood vaccines are causing an epidemic of autism. Its most famous proponents are an environmentalist Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and numerous Hollywood celebrities most notably Jenny McCarthy and Jim Carrey. The Huffington Post gives a very large megaphone to denialists. And Seth Mnookinauthor of the new book The Panic Virusnotes that if you want to find vaccine deniers, all you need to do is go hang out at Whole Foods, creationism essay.
Over the past decade, the creationism essay that childhood vaccines are driving autism rates has been undermined by multiple epidemiological studies—as well as the simple fact that autism rates continue to rise, even though the creationism essay offending agent in vaccines a mercury-based preservative called thimerosal has long since been removed.
Yet the true believers persist—critiquing each new study that challenges their views, and even rallying to the defense of vaccine-autism researcher Andrew Wakefield, after his Lancet paper —which originated the current vaccine scare—was retracted and he subsequently lost his license PDF to practice medicine. But then, why should we be surprised?
Vaccine deniers created their own partisan media, such as the website Age of Autism, that instantly blast out critiques and counterarguments whenever any new development casts further doubt on anti-vaccine views. It all raises the question: Do left and right differ in any meaningful way when it comes to biases in processing information, or are we all creationism essay susceptible? There are some clear differences. Science denial today is considerably more prominent on the creationism essay right—once you survey creationism essay and related environmental issues, anti-evolutionism, attacks on reproductive health science by the Christian right, and stem-cell and biomedical matters.
More tellingly, anti-vaccine creationism essay are virtually nonexistent among Democratic officeholders today—whereas anti-climate-science views are becoming monolithic among Republican elected creationism essay. Some researchers have suggested that there are psychological differences between the left and the right that might impact responses to new information—that conservatives are more rigid and authoritarian, and liberals more tolerant of ambiguity.
This is a contested area, however, creationism essay as soon as one tries to psychoanalyze inherent political differences, a battery of counterarguments emerges: What about dogmatic and militant communists? What about how the parties have differed through history? The upshot: All we can currently bank on is the fact that we all have blinders in some situations.
The question then becomes: What can be done to counteract human nature itself? Sure enough, the latter framing made hierarchical individualists much more open to accepting the fact that humans are causing global warming.
Kahan infers that the effect occurred because the science had been written into an alternative narrative that appealed to their pro-industry worldview. You can follow the logic to its conclusion: Conservatives are more likely to embrace climate science if it comes to them via a business or religious leader, who can set the issue in the context of different values than those from which environmentalists or scientists often argue.
You lead with the values—so as to give the facts a fighting chance, creationism essay. Kevin Drum. Mother Jones. Alison Stewart. Piper McDaniel. Damian Carrington. David Corn. Marcia Brown, creationism essay. Tom Philpott. Subscribe to the Mother Jones Daily to have our top stories delivered directly to your inbox.
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Evolution and Creationism as Science and Myth
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1 day ago · Essay on lohri in english for class 3 essay on the national bird peacock. Unemployment leads to crime essay, essay on role of computer in modern society, epidemiological studies case study, ets gre issue essay topics. Write an essay on safe drive save life my most embarrassing moment short essay. Evolution vs creationism essay The Science of Why We Don’t Believe Science How our brains fool us on climate, creationism, and the vaccine-autism link 1 day ago · Essay on role of computer in modern society. Evolution vs creationism essay, essay introduction on drug abuse mixed methods case study design introduction of cell phone essay, short essay on patriotism in english, why education is important for us essay, open uni how to write an essay. Research paper topics long day's journey into night
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